Risk Factors for Substance Use in LGBTQIA+ Teens and Young Adults
All youth are subject to struggles with mental health issues, peer pressure, bullying, harassment, and identity concerns that can lead to substance use. But among the LGBTQIA+ community, these factors are amplified.
Harassment
The LGBTQIA+ community has received greater acceptance in recent years, but it’s still heavily stigmatized. These individuals may feel excluded from social groups or activities, disconnected from peer groups, or bullied and attacked for their individual identities.
Worse yet, the chance of physical assault increased by 17% when LGBTQIA+ youth are “out” and open about their sexuality or sexual or gender identity – or even by mere suspicion.[3] They may also encounter sexual harassment based on their gender identity and expression.

Parental Support
Parental support is crucial during the adolescent years. Without this support, teens and young adults may feel less included and loved. While the majority of them feel supported by an adult family member or parent, less than half of LGBTQIA+ youth feel this way.
This is compounded by the reaction parents may have when their children come out as LGBTQIA+. Unfortunately, some parents aren’t supportive of their children’s identity, leading them to fear coming out and suppressing their emotions. Some parents reject their children or subject them to mistreatment, violence, or abandonment – up to 40% of homeless youth are LGBTQIA+.[4]
Minority Stress
When members of a group are stigmatized by mainstream society by their unique identifiers like sexual orientation or gender identity, they experience minority stress. This can manifest in many ways, but it typically occurs as the result of a tragedy related to a hate crime.
Dealing with this trauma can be challenging for LGBTQIA+ youth, especially if they lack a strong support system from parents and peers.
Stereotypes
There are a lot of harmful stereotypes in the LGBTQIA+ community, a lot of which surround how a teen expresses their gender identity. If they don’t fit the “traditional” interpretation of their gender assigned at birth, they may be subjected to more harassment.
For example, gay or bisexual boys who express themselves in more traditionally masculine ways receive less harassment and bullying than more feminine gay or bisexual boys. The same can be true for masculine and feminine expression in gay or bisexual girls.
LGBTQIA+ youth are at a greater risk for substance use due to these risk factors and external forces.